[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2502},["ShallowReactive",2],{"blog-list":3},[4,108,234,332,491,903,1173,1699,2120],{"id":5,"title":6,"author":7,"body":8,"date":92,"description":93,"extension":94,"image":95,"imageAlt":96,"meta":97,"navigation":98,"path":99,"seo":100,"stem":101,"tags":102,"__hash__":107},"blog\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Ftwo-thirds-europeans-back-replacing-us-tech.md","Almost Two-Thirds of Europeans Back Replacing US Tech, Poll Finds","eustella",{"type":9,"value":10,"toc":84},"minimark",[11,15,19,30,35,38,42,45,48,52,55,59,62,65,68,74],[12,13,6],"h1",{"id":14},"almost-two-thirds-of-europeans-back-replacing-us-tech-poll-finds",[16,17,18],"p",{},"Around two-thirds of Europeans support replacing American technology services with European alternatives, according to a YouGov poll. The survey covered more than 1,000 respondents in each of five EU countries — France, Germany, Spain, Italy, and Poland — and was conducted between 6 and 16 March 2026.",[16,20,21,22,29],{},"The poll, ",[23,24,28],"a",{"href":25,"rel":26},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.techpolicy.press\u002Falmost-two-thirds-of-europeans-back-replacing-us-tech-poll-finds\u002F",[27],"nofollow","reported by Tech Policy Press"," based on YouGov data, found that over 60 percent of respondents consider it a good idea to replace US services for data storage, video conferencing, and payment systems with European competitors. Specifically, 62 percent favoured switching data storage and payment services, while 59 percent backed moving away from American video conferencing providers like Zoom. Only 13 percent of participants called such a move a bad idea; another 25 percent were undecided.",[31,32,34],"h2",{"id":33},"tensions-between-washington-and-brussels","Tensions Between Washington and Brussels",[16,36,37],{},"The poll comes against the backdrop of growing conflict between the EU and the United States over digital policy. US President Donald Trump claimed — without evidence — that Europe's online safety regulations restrict the free speech of Americans. In August 2025, he wrote on social media: \"I will stand up for countries that attack our incredible American technology companies\" — without naming the EU explicitly. He added: \"Digital taxes, Digital Services Acts, and Digital Markets regulations are all designed to harm or discriminate against American technology.\" The European Commission rejected these allegations. It is conducting ongoing proceedings in the areas of online safety and competition against both US and Chinese technology companies.",[31,39,41],{"id":40},"broad-support-for-european-alternatives","Broad Support for European Alternatives",[16,43,44],{},"Support for switching ran across all categories surveyed. Across all five countries, 62 percent favoured replacing US data storage and payment systems; 59 percent backed switching away from US video conferencing solutions. Support was particularly strong in Italy and Germany, where 67 and 68 percent of respondents respectively said replacing servers and data storage was a good idea. France came in slightly lower at 59 percent, while Poland brought up the rear at around 50 percent. Only 13 percent of respondents overall rated a switch as a bad idea — a remarkable consensus across the EU's most populous member states.",[16,46,47],{},"Poland stood out as the only outlier. There, support hovered around the 50 percent mark across all digital services, and 38 percent of respondents had not yet formed an opinion — significantly more than in the other four countries. This high share of undecided respondents suggests that the debate over digital sovereignty has not yet reached the same intensity in Eastern Europe as in the West.",[31,49,51],{"id":50},"germany-sceptical-france-optimistic","Germany Sceptical, France Optimistic",[16,53,54],{},"Despite broad support in principle, many Europeans doubt the feasibility. Across all five countries, 41 percent of respondents considered a switch unrealistic, while only 40 percent considered it realistic; 19 percent offered no opinion. Germany showed the strongest pessimism: 51 percent of German respondents — the highest figure of any country — called leaving US technology unrealistic. This is notable because Germany co-hosted a digital sovereignty conference with France late last year. At the same time, only 12 percent of Germans said such a switch was a bad idea — a contradiction that highlights the gap between aspiration and scepticism.",[31,56,58],{"id":57},"the-gap-between-desire-and-reality","The Gap Between Desire and Reality",[16,60,61],{},"The French were the most optimistic: 45 percent considered a switch realistic, while only 32 percent called it unrealistic. Yet even in France, a significant gap exists between willingness and awareness. In January 2026, Paris announced plans to replace services such as Zoom and Microsoft Teams with a French video conferencing solution for government use by 2027 — partly to regain control over critical digital infrastructure. However, 89 percent of French respondents had heard little or nothing about these plans, despite the government's active promotion. Overall, only 11 percent of French participants said they were aware of the initiative.",[16,63,64],{},"Amid these tensions, the European Commission defended its right to regulate the digital single market. Spokesperson Paula Pinho told journalists: \"It is the sovereign right of the EU and its member states to regulate economic activities on our territory that are compatible with our democratic values.\" French President Emmanuel Macron has been among the most vocal advocates for an independent European path in technology, including the development of homegrown artificial intelligence. The poll results show that growing frustration between transatlantic partners is increasingly reaching ordinary European citizens — even if the path from intention to implementation remains long.",[66,67],"hr",{},[16,69,70],{},[71,72,73],"em",{},"A YouGov poll of respondents in France, Germany, Spain, Italy, and Poland shows that around 60 percent of Europeans support replacing American technology services with European alternatives. Yet only 40 percent consider the move realistic — a reflection of the growing transatlantic tensions in digital policy.",[16,75,76],{},[71,77,78,79,83],{},"Source: ",[23,80,82],{"href":25,"rel":81},[27],"Tech Policy Press — \"Almost Two-Thirds of Europeans Back Replacing US Tech, Poll Finds\"",", 26 March 2026.",{"title":85,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":87},"",2,[88,89,90,91],{"id":33,"depth":86,"text":34},{"id":40,"depth":86,"text":41},{"id":50,"depth":86,"text":51},{"id":57,"depth":86,"text":58},"2026-04-03","A YouGov poll across France, Germany, Spain, Italy, and Poland shows around 60% of Europeans support replacing American technology services with European alternatives — but only 40% believe the switch is realistic.","md","\u002Fblog\u002Fyougov-europeans-replace-us-tech-2026.png","Bar chart showing 59–68% of Europeans in France, Germany, Spain, Italy, and Poland support replacing US tech services with European alternatives",{},true,"\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Ftwo-thirds-europeans-back-replacing-us-tech",{"title":6,"description":93},"blog\u002Fen\u002Ftwo-thirds-europeans-back-replacing-us-tech",[103,104,105,106],"digital-sovereignty","europe","survey","us-tech","_KKE_ED-Pmls_aVaoZECiQxdzdrpdHaC-_qZdMa6jMc",{"id":109,"title":110,"author":7,"body":111,"date":220,"description":221,"extension":94,"image":222,"imageAlt":223,"meta":224,"navigation":98,"path":225,"seo":226,"stem":227,"tags":228,"__hash__":233},"blog\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Feustella-ceo-transform-2026.md","eustella CEO Matteo Rosoli Pitched at TRANSFORM 2026 in Berlin",{"type":9,"value":112,"toc":215},[113,116,130,133,137,140,143,166,170,173,182,185,189,196,209],[12,114,110],{"id":115},"eustella-ceo-matteo-rosoli-pitched-at-transform-2026-in-berlin",[16,117,118,123,124,129],{},[23,119,122],{"href":120,"rel":121},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.linkedin.com\u002Fin\u002Fmatteo-rosoli-9601a1266\u002F",[27],"Matteo Rosoli",", CEO and co-founder of eustella, delivered the first-ever public pitch of eustella at ",[23,125,128],{"href":126,"rel":127},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.linkedin.com\u002Fcompany\u002Ftransformshow\u002F",[27],"TRANSFORM 2026"," in Berlin — one of Europe's most important events for media innovation, digital transformation, and emerging technology.",[16,131,132],{},"The response was outstanding. eustella's vision for a sovereign, privacy-first AI agent built in Europe resonated strongly with an audience of media leaders, technology innovators, and investors who understand firsthand why European AI independence matters.",[31,134,136],{"id":135},"the-first-public-pitch","The first public pitch",[16,138,139],{},"TRANSFORM 2026 marked the moment eustella stepped onto the public stage. Matteo Rosoli presented the case for a European AI assistant that keeps data in Europe, runs on European and open-source models, and never trains on user conversations — a direct alternative to the US and Chinese AI products that dominate the market today.",[16,141,142],{},"The pitch covered:",[144,145,146,154,160],"ul",{},[147,148,149,153],"li",{},[150,151,152],"strong",{},"The problem",": Every major AI chatbot — ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Grok, DeepSeek — stores European user data on foreign servers, trains on conversations by default, and is controlled by Big Tech or state-linked entities.",[147,155,156,159],{},[150,157,158],{},"The opportunity",": 133 million monthly active LLM users in Europe, but almost none of them are using a European product. The market gap is enormous.",[147,161,162,165],{},[150,163,164],{},"The solution",": eustella — a hyperpersonalised AI agent that is fully GDPR-compliant, aligned with the EU AI Act, and built by an independent European team with no Big Tech investors.",[31,167,169],{"id":168},"why-transform-was-the-right-stage","Why TRANSFORM was the right stage",[16,171,172],{},"TRANSFORM brings together the people shaping the future of media, technology, and digital business in Europe. The media and publishing industry understands better than most why data sovereignty matters. Newsrooms were among the first to feel the impact of Big Tech's data practices — from scraped content to opaque algorithmic distribution.",[16,174,175,176,181],{},"eustella is built by ",[23,177,180],{"href":178,"rel":179},"https:\u002F\u002Fnewsrooms.ai",[27],"newsrooms.ai",", an independent European AI company founded in Vienna, Austria, by a team of AI experts and media professionals. The connection between media innovation and trustworthy AI is not incidental — it is the foundation of everything eustella stands for.",[16,183,184],{},"Presenting at TRANSFORM was a natural fit, and the enthusiastic reception confirmed that the European market is ready for an AI product that puts privacy, sovereignty, and user trust first.",[31,186,188],{"id":187},"what-comes-next","What comes next",[16,190,191,192,195],{},"The momentum from TRANSFORM 2026 fuels what comes next. The eustella beta launches on ",[150,193,194],{},"15 April 2026",".",[16,197,198,199,203,204,195],{},"Want to get involved? Reach out to Matteo Rosoli on ",[23,200,202],{"href":120,"rel":201},[27],"LinkedIn"," or sign up for early access at ",[23,205,208],{"href":206,"rel":207},"https:\u002F\u002Feustella.com",[27],"eustella.com",[16,210,211],{},[23,212,214],{"href":213},"\u002F","Join the waitlist →",{"title":85,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":216},[217,218,219],{"id":135,"depth":86,"text":136},{"id":168,"depth":86,"text":169},{"id":187,"depth":86,"text":188},"2026-03-24","eustella CEO Matteo Rosoli delivered the first public pitch of eustella at TRANSFORM 2026 in Berlin — Europe's leading media and digital innovation event — to great success.","\u002Fblog\u002Ftransform-2026.jpg","eustella CEO Matteo Rosoli pitching eustella at TRANSFORM 2026 in Berlin — Europe's leading media and digital innovation event",{},"\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Feustella-ceo-transform-2026",{"title":110,"description":221},"blog\u002Fen\u002Feustella-ceo-transform-2026",[229,230,231,232],"transform","events","european-ai","announcement","CKdOE8U4JS_bbcF02VREJ4l-zm1ScGsSjHFfjsPBWwY",{"id":235,"title":236,"author":180,"body":237,"date":319,"description":320,"extension":94,"image":321,"imageAlt":322,"meta":323,"navigation":98,"path":324,"seo":325,"stem":326,"tags":327,"__hash__":331},"blog\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Feurope-market-gap-sovereign-ai-agent.md","Podcast: \"There Is a Huge Market Gap in Europe for a Sovereign AI Agent\"",{"type":9,"value":238,"toc":316},[239,242,253,256,259,303,307,310],[12,240,236],{"id":241},"podcast-there-is-a-huge-market-gap-in-europe-for-a-sovereign-ai-agent",[16,243,244],{},[71,245,246,247,252],{},"Originally published on ",[23,248,251],{"href":249,"rel":250},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.trendingtopics.eu\u002Fopenclaw-fuer-europa\u002F",[27],"Trending Topics"," on 18 March 2026 by Jakob Steinschaden, co-written by newsrooms.ai.",[16,254,255],{},"\"Europe consumes AI intensively, but primarily strengthens foreign ecosystems.\" That is the core finding of a new study on AI, startups, and Europe. Yet Europe has enormous potential for a real ChatGPT competitor — it lacks neither talent, nor a market, nor the building blocks. So why shouldn't a startup pick up where Peter Steinberger left off before he moved from Vienna to OpenAI?",[16,257,258],{},"Jakob Steinschaden, co-founder of Trending Topics and newsrooms, and Matteo Rosoli, CEO of newsrooms, discuss:",[144,260,261,267,273,279,285,291,297],{},[147,262,263,266],{},[150,264,265],{},"OpenClaw as a toolbox for AI models"," — What Perplexity and others are building with it",[147,268,269,272],{},[150,270,271],{},"Peter Steinberger's move to OpenAI"," — What the Viennese developer could achieve there",[147,274,275,278],{},[150,276,277],{},"Meta's $2 billion Manus acquisition"," — Virtual machines and AI agents",[147,280,281,284],{},[150,282,283],{},"Chinese open-source models overtaking the West"," — The rise of Kimi 2.5 and others",[147,286,287,290],{},[150,288,289],{},"Token costs compared"," — Why €1,300 can be burned overnight",[147,292,293,296],{},[150,294,295],{},"Europe's AI gap"," — Mistral, defense tech, and the lack of data sovereignty",[147,298,299,302],{},[150,300,301],{},"Vision for a European AI agent"," — Proactive, connected, and privacy-first",[31,304,306],{"id":305},"why-this-matters-for-eustella","Why this matters for eustella",[16,308,309],{},"eustella is being built to fill exactly the market gap described in this podcast. Europe has 450 million people, world-class AI regulation through GDPR and the AI Act, and a clear demand for an AI assistant that keeps data sovereign and operates under European law. eustella is that assistant — a personal AI agent built by newsrooms.ai in Vienna, designed to be proactive, autonomous, and fully compliant with European data protection standards.",[16,311,312],{},[23,313,315],{"href":249,"rel":314},[27],"Listen to the full podcast on Trending Topics →",{"title":85,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":317},[318],{"id":305,"depth":86,"text":306},"2026-03-19","newsrooms.ai co-founders discuss Europe's AI gap, OpenClaw, Chinese open-source models overtaking the West, and the vision for a proactive, privacy-first European AI agent.","\u002Fblog\u002FPodcast_KI-agenten-2048x1152.png","newsrooms.ai podcast on the European market gap for a sovereign AI agent — discussing eustella, OpenClaw, Chinese open-source models, and data sovereignty",{},"\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Feurope-market-gap-sovereign-ai-agent",{"title":236,"description":320},"blog\u002Fen\u002Feurope-market-gap-sovereign-ai-agent",[328,104,329,330],"podcast","ai-agents","data-sovereignty","pob7cb9RAKzYU872dq-A7ediR3epCGyl_3Nq8auk-Lc",{"id":333,"title":334,"author":7,"body":335,"date":479,"description":480,"extension":94,"image":481,"imageAlt":482,"meta":483,"navigation":98,"path":484,"seo":485,"stem":486,"tags":487,"__hash__":490},"blog\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Feustella-waitlist-launch.md","eustella Launches Today: The Waitlist for Europe's AI Agent Is Open",{"type":9,"value":336,"toc":466},[337,340,343,349,353,356,359,363,366,369,372,376,382,387,390,394,397,401,404,408,411,414,418,424,427,431,438,458,461],[12,338,334],{"id":339},"eustella-launches-today-the-waitlist-for-europes-ai-agent-is-open",[16,341,342],{},"Today, 18 March 2026, eustella opens its waitlist. eustella is a personal AI agent built in Europe, for Europe — designed as the secure alternative to ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, and every other AI assistant that trains on your data, stores it on US servers, or feeds it into an advertising machine.",[16,344,345,346,195],{},"The waitlist is open now at ",[23,347,208],{"href":206,"rel":348},[27],[31,350,352],{"id":351},"what-is-eustella","What is eustella?",[16,354,355],{},"eustella is not another bland AI chatbot. eustella is a hyperpersonalised AI assistant — an agent that actually knows you, remembers your context, plans tasks on your behalf, and learns from every interaction to become more useful over time.",[16,357,358],{},"eustella runs exclusively on European and open-source AI models. All data is stored and processed in EU data centres. No Big Tech investors, no military contracts, no hidden agendas.",[31,360,362],{"id":361},"why-now","Why now?",[16,364,365],{},"Every major AI chatbot — ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Grok, Copilot, Meta AI, Perplexity, DeepSeek — trains on your conversations by default. The opt-outs are buried, gated behind paywalls, or not retroactive. Your data sits on US or Chinese servers, subject to foreign laws that allow government access without European judicial oversight.",[16,367,368],{},"Even Mistral, which calls itself European, is funded by Microsoft, NVIDIA, and US venture capital — and actively lobbied to weaken the EU AI Act.",[16,370,371],{},"Europe deserves better. Europe deserves its own AI.",[31,373,375],{"id":374},"what-to-expect-from-the-beta","What to expect from the beta",[16,377,378,379,381],{},"The eustella beta launches on ",[150,380,194],{},". Here is what we are building:",[383,384,386],"h3",{"id":385},"hyperpersonalised-ai-assistant","Hyperpersonalised AI assistant",[16,388,389],{},"No generic chatbot responses. eustella is an agent that knows you, remembers your preferences and history, can plan tasks autonomously, and learns from your interactions. The more you use eustella, the more useful it becomes — without ever selling or sharing what it learns.",[383,391,393],{"id":392},"everything-you-love-about-ai","Everything you love about AI",[16,395,396],{},"eustella can help you create, research, analyse, study, sort, refine — everything you are already used to from general AI chat apps. Writing, brainstorming, document analysis, code generation, summarisation, translation across 8 European languages. All the power, none of the data trade-offs.",[383,398,400],{"id":399},"the-first-tool-connections","The first tool connections",[16,402,403],{},"With the beta, eustella will ship its first tool integrations — connecting your AI assistant to the services and workflows you use every day. More details coming soon.",[31,405,407],{"id":406},"after-the-beta-the-full-vision","After the beta: the full vision",[16,409,410],{},"The beta is just the beginning. Our goal is a full personal AI assistant on your phone that proactively manages and helps you throughout your work and personal life — scheduling, reminders, research, communication, task management — all fully secure, all fully private, all fully European.",[16,412,413],{},"An AI that works for you, not for advertisers. Not for governments. Not for Big Tech.",[31,415,417],{"id":416},"who-builds-eustella","Who builds eustella?",[16,419,175,420,423],{},[23,421,180],{"href":178,"rel":422},[27],", an independent European AI company based in Vienna, Austria. The founding team of AI experts and media professionals is committed to European digital sovereignty, privacy, and responsible AI.",[16,425,426],{},"eustella is independently funded. No Big Tech investors. No conflicting interests.",[31,428,430],{"id":429},"join-the-waitlist","Join the waitlist",[16,432,433,434,437],{},"Sign up today at ",[23,435,208],{"href":206,"rel":436},[27]," to secure your spot. Early access members will receive:",[144,439,440,446,452],{},[147,441,442,445],{},[150,443,444],{},"Priority access"," to the beta on 15 April 2026",[147,447,448,451],{},[150,449,450],{},"Early-bird pricing"," when eustella launches publicly",[147,453,454,457],{},[150,455,456],{},"Direct input"," on features and roadmap",[16,459,460],{},"The waitlist is free. Your data stays in Europe.",[16,462,463],{},[23,464,465],{"href":213},"Sign up for early access →",{"title":85,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":467},[468,469,470,476,477,478],{"id":351,"depth":86,"text":352},{"id":361,"depth":86,"text":362},{"id":374,"depth":86,"text":375,"children":471},[472,474,475],{"id":385,"depth":473,"text":386},3,{"id":392,"depth":473,"text":393},{"id":399,"depth":473,"text":400},{"id":406,"depth":86,"text":407},{"id":416,"depth":86,"text":417},{"id":429,"depth":86,"text":430},"2026-03-18","eustella opens its waitlist on 18 March 2026. The secure European alternative to ChatGPT is coming — with a beta launching on 15 April 2026.","\u002Fblog\u002Feustella-ad-banner.png","eustella — Sovereign AI for 100+ Million Europeans. Join the Waitlist.",{},"\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Feustella-waitlist-launch",{"title":334,"description":480},"blog\u002Fen\u002Feustella-waitlist-launch",[488,489,232],"launch","waitlist","XqirLSbpKez3STzI9YLizWOsIYOIp-v5Iez7DpNldwE",{"id":492,"title":493,"author":7,"body":494,"date":891,"description":892,"extension":94,"image":893,"imageAlt":893,"meta":894,"navigation":98,"path":895,"seo":896,"stem":897,"tags":898,"__hash__":902},"blog\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fai-chatbots-privacy-problem-2026.md","The Privacy Problem with AI Chatbots in 2026",{"type":9,"value":495,"toc":876},[496,499,502,505,509,532,545,549,572,576,588,592,624,628,640,644,666,670,692,696,699,703,735,739,742,746,749,753,756,759,764,766,770],[12,497,493],{"id":498},"the-privacy-problem-with-ai-chatbots-in-2026",[16,500,501],{},"Every major AI chatbot trains on your conversations by default. Most store your data on US or Chinese servers, subject to foreign government access. Several have signed military contracts. And the opt-outs — when they exist — are buried in settings, gated behind paid plans, or simply not retroactive.",[16,503,504],{},"eustella analysed the data practices of the 11 most widely used AI chatbots. Here is what we found.",[31,506,508],{"id":507},"chatgpt-200m-pentagon-contract-15m-gdpr-fine","ChatGPT: $200M Pentagon contract, €15M GDPR fine",[16,510,511,512,517,518,522,523,528,529,195],{},"ChatGPT by OpenAI is the world's most popular AI assistant. By default, OpenAI uses your conversations to train its models. The opt-out is buried in settings and is not retroactive — data already submitted has been used. All data is stored on US servers routed through Microsoft Azure. In June 2025, OpenAI launched its government division with a ",[23,513,516],{"href":514,"rel":515},"https:\u002F\u002Fbreakingdefense.com\u002F2025\u002F06\u002Fopenai-for-government-launches-with-200m-win-from-pentagon-cdao\u002F",[27],"$200 million contract from the Pentagon's Chief Digital and AI Office (CDAO)"," ",[519,520,521],"span",{},"1",". Italy's data protection authority ",[23,524,527],{"href":525,"rel":526},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.euronews.com\u002Fnext\u002F2024\u002F12\u002F20\u002Fitalys-privacy-watchdog-fines-openai-15-million-after-probe-into-chatgpt-data-collection",[27],"fined OpenAI €15 million"," for GDPR violations in 2024 ",[519,530,531],{},"2",[16,533,534,535,540,541,544],{},"OpenAI is backed by Microsoft ($13 billion+). All data flows through Microsoft Azure. OpenAI is restructuring into a for-profit corporation. Note: OpenAI now offers ",[23,536,539],{"href":537,"rel":538},"https:\u002F\u002Fopenai.com\u002Findex\u002Fintroducing-data-residency-in-europe\u002F",[27],"EU data residency for Enterprise and Education customers"," since February 2025 ",[519,542,543],{},"3",", but free-tier user data is still processed in the United States.",[31,546,548],{"id":547},"claude-trains-on-chats-since-september-2025","Claude: Trains on chats since September 2025",[16,550,551,552,557,558,561,562,567,568,571],{},"Claude by Anthropic is a capable AI assistant — but it is a US product, backed by Amazon ($8 billion) and Google ($3 billion+). Since ",[23,553,556],{"href":554,"rel":555},"https:\u002F\u002Ftechcrunch.com\u002F2025\u002F08\u002F28\u002Fanthropic-users-face-a-new-choice-opt-out-or-share-your-data-for-ai-training\u002F",[27],"September 2025, Anthropic trains on your conversations by default"," unless you opt out ",[519,559,560],{},"4",". The opt-out interface has been ",[23,563,566],{"href":564,"rel":565},"https:\u002F\u002Fthe-decoder.com\u002Fanthropic-uses-a-questionable-dark-pattern-to-obtain-user-consent-for-ai-data-use-in-claude\u002F",[27],"criticised as a dark pattern"," that defies GDPR guidelines ",[519,569,570],{},"5",". Opted-in data may be retained for up to 5 years. Anthropic has no European offices and no EU data centres. All infrastructure runs on AWS and Google Cloud, and the US CLOUD Act applies — meaning the US government can compel data access.",[31,573,575],{"id":574},"google-gemini-22-data-categories-pentagon-ai-for-3-million-personnel","Google Gemini: 22 data categories, Pentagon AI for 3 million personnel",[16,577,578,579,517,584,587],{},"Google Gemini collects 22 out of 35 possible data categories — more than any other AI chatbot. Your conversations are used for training by default, reviewed by human employees, and retained for up to 3 years even if you delete them. Gemini now powers the Pentagon's ",[23,580,583],{"href":581,"rel":582},"https:\u002F\u002Fbreakingdefense.com\u002F2025\u002F12\u002Fpentagon-rolls-out-genai-platform-to-all-personnel-using-googles-gemini\u002F",[27],"GenAI.mil platform, rolling out to all 3 million military, civilian, and contractor personnel",[519,585,586],{},"6",". Gemini is part of Google — the world's largest advertising company. Your AI usage feeds the same ecosystem that tracks you across Search, Gmail, Maps, YouTube, Chrome, and Android.",[31,589,591],{"id":590},"grok-owned-by-spacex-no-opt-out-since-january-2026","Grok: Owned by SpaceX, no opt-out since January 2026",[16,593,594,595,600,601,604,605,610,611,614,615,620,621,195],{},"Grok by xAI is the world's third-largest AI chatbot by web traffic. xAI is now a ",[23,596,599],{"href":597,"rel":598},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cnn.com\u002F2026\u002F02\u002F02\u002Ftech\u002Fspacex-acquires-xai-elon-musk",[27],"wholly owned subsidiary of SpaceX",", controlled by Elon Musk, following its acquisition in February 2026 ",[519,602,603],{},"7",". X's January 2026 terms of service grant a perpetual, worldwide license to use your content for AI training with no opt-out. Grok is under active GDPR investigation across multiple EU countries after ",[23,606,609],{"href":607,"rel":608},"https:\u002F\u002Fnoyb.eu\u002Fen\u002Ftwitters-ai-plans-hit-9-more-gdpr-complaints",[27],"NOYB filed complaints in nine EU countries in August 2024",", alleging training on EU users' data without consent ",[519,612,613],{},"8",". Musk led the DOGE initiative, which ",[23,616,619],{"href":617,"rel":618},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.npr.org\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F04\u002Fnx-s1-5285403\u002Fmusks-doge-group-has-access-to-the-federal-payments-system-what-does-that-mean",[27],"sought access to US federal databases"," containing sensitive data on millions of citizens — Treasury payment systems were confirmed accessed, while IRS access was blocked by courts ",[519,622,623],{},"9",[31,625,627],{"id":626},"deepseek-all-data-in-china-1-million-chat-logs-exposed","DeepSeek: All data in China, 1 million+ chat logs exposed",[16,629,630,631,517,636,639],{},"DeepSeek is a powerful AI chatbot from China — but all your data is stored on servers in mainland China, subject to Chinese national security laws that compel companies to hand over data on government request. DeepSeek was ",[23,632,635],{"href":633,"rel":634},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.euronews.com\u002Fnext\u002F2025\u002F01\u002F31\u002Fdeepseek-ai-blocked-by-italian-authorities-as-others-member-states-open-probes",[27],"banned in Italy on 30 January 2025",[519,637,638],{},"10",", is under investigation across the EU, and security researchers discovered an unprotected database with over 1 million lines of plaintext chat histories. The opt-out was only added after South Korean regulators intervened.",[31,641,643],{"id":642},"microsoft-copilot-9b-shared-pentagon-contract-recall-screenshots-your-screen","Microsoft Copilot: $9B shared Pentagon contract, Recall screenshots your screen",[16,645,646,647,652,653,656,657,517,662,665],{},"Microsoft Copilot is bundled across Windows, Office, Edge, and Bing. Consumer Copilot conversations are used to train AI models by default. Microsoft ",[23,648,651],{"href":649,"rel":650},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.microsoft.com\u002Fen-us\u002Fmicrosoft-copilot\u002Fblog\u002F2024\u002F08\u002F16\u002Ftransparency-and-control-in-consumer-data-use\u002F",[27],"paused this training in the EEA in August 2024"," rather than face GDPR enforcement — acknowledging the GDPR conflict rather than fixing the underlying practice ",[519,654,655],{},"11",". Microsoft deploys GPT-4 in top-secret Pentagon clouds as part of the ",[23,658,661],{"href":659,"rel":660},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cnbc.com\u002F2022\u002F12\u002F07\u002Fgoogle-oracle-amazon-and-microsoft-awarded-9-billion-pentagon-cloud-deals.html",[27],"Joint Warfighting Cloud Capability (JWCC) — a $9 billion contract shared across Microsoft, Amazon, Google, and Oracle",[519,663,664],{},"12",". Consumer Copilot and military Azure operate on physically and logically separate infrastructure. The Windows Recall feature screenshots your screen every few seconds. The US House of Representatives banned its own staff from using Copilot over data security risks.",[31,667,669],{"id":668},"meta-ai-25b-in-gdpr-fines-breaks-whatsapp-encryption","Meta AI: €2.5B in GDPR fines, breaks WhatsApp encryption",[16,671,672,673,678,679,682,683,688,689,195],{},"Meta AI is embedded across Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, and Messenger. Meta uses your AI conversations to personalise ads and train models. Invoking Meta AI in a WhatsApp chat breaks end-to-end encryption. Since May 2025, public posts from EU users are used for AI training by default. Meta has been fined over €2.5 billion under GDPR and paid ",[23,674,677],{"href":675,"rel":676},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ftc.gov\u002Fnews-events\u002Fnews\u002Fpress-releases\u002F2019\u002F07\u002Fftc-imposes-5-billion-penalty-sweeping-new-privacy-restrictions-facebook",[27],"$5 billion to the US Federal Trade Commission"," for the Cambridge Analytica scandal ",[519,680,681],{},"13",". Meta is now an active defence contractor, ",[23,684,687],{"href":685,"rel":686},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cnbc.com\u002F2025\u002F05\u002F29\u002Fmeta-anduril-partner-on-vr-ar-project-intended-for-us-army.html",[27],"partnered with Anduril since May 2025"," for Pentagon AI and AR\u002FVR projects ",[519,690,691],{},"14",[31,693,695],{"id":694},"perplexity-funded-by-bezos-scrapes-despite-no-crawl-rules","Perplexity: Funded by Bezos, scrapes despite no-crawl rules",[16,697,698],{},"Perplexity is a US-based AI search engine funded by Jeff Bezos, NVIDIA, and SoftBank, with a $750 million Microsoft Azure dependency. It trains on user data by default and has been caught scraping websites that explicitly blocked AI crawlers. Perplexity faces active lawsuits from The New York Times, Reddit, News Corp, and others. Cloudflare has publicly confirmed that Perplexity's bots ignore no-crawl rules.",[31,700,702],{"id":701},"mistral-funded-by-microsoft-lobbied-against-the-eu-ai-act","Mistral: Funded by Microsoft, lobbied against the EU AI Act",[16,704,705,706,711,712,715,716,721,722,725,726,517,731,734],{},"Mistral positions itself as Europe's AI champion — but it is heavily funded by Microsoft, NVIDIA, and major US venture capital firms. Mistral trains on free-tier user data by default and was hit with a ",[23,707,710],{"href":708,"rel":709},"https:\u002F\u002Fsifted.eu\u002Farticles\u002Fmistral-privacy-policy-gdpr-news",[27],"GDPR complaint filed by French lawyer Jeremy Roche with CNIL in February 2025"," for gating the opt-out behind paid plans ",[519,713,714],{},"15",". Mistral actively lobbied to weaken the EU AI Act — ",[23,717,720],{"href":718,"rel":719},"https:\u002F\u002Fcorporateeurope.org\u002Fen\u002F2024\u002F03\u002Ftrojan-horses-how-european-startups-teamed-big-tech-gut-ai-act",[27],"Corporate Europe Observatory documented"," how this effort aligned with Big Tech interests ",[519,723,724],{},"16",". Mistral has a ",[23,727,730],{"href":728,"rel":729},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.techrepublic.com\u002Farticle\u002Fnews-mistral-french-military-ai-deal\u002F",[27],"direct military contract with the French armed forces",[519,732,733],{},"17",", and indirect defence partnerships through Helsing (Germany) and Faculty AI (United Kingdom).",[31,736,738],{"id":737},"characterai-trains-on-intimate-conversations-teen-safety-lawsuits","Character.AI: Trains on intimate conversations, teen safety lawsuits",[16,740,741],{},"Character.AI is the fifth-largest AI chatbot by web traffic. It trains on your conversations by default and uses chat data for targeted advertising since August 2025. Character.AI faces multiple lawsuits linked to teen suicides. Google invested $2.7 billion and is named as a co-defendant. In January 2026, Character.AI and Google agreed to mediate settlements — the first major legal settlement over AI-related harm.",[31,743,745],{"id":744},"openclaw-40000-exposed-instances-malicious-plugins","OpenClaw: 40,000+ exposed instances, malicious plugins",[16,747,748],{},"OpenClaw is a popular open-source AI agent with over 316,000 GitHub stars. It can control your computer, manage your calendar, send emails, and run shell commands. But it is insecure by default — security researchers initially found over 40,000 exposed instances on the public internet, many without authentication; later scans revealed between 135,000 and 220,000+ vulnerable deployments. 12% of community-built skills on ClawHub were found to be malicious, a figure that has since grown to approximately 20%. OpenClaw stores API keys in plaintext and has no built-in encryption. Its creator joined OpenAI in February 2026, leaving the project's governance uncertain.",[31,750,752],{"id":751},"the-pattern-is-clear","The pattern is clear",[16,754,755],{},"Every major AI chatbot — American, Chinese, and even nominally European — trains on your data by default, stores it outside the EU, or is funded by the same Big Tech companies that profit from your information.",[16,757,758],{},"eustella is designed as the European alternative. Your data stays in Europe, is never sold, and is never used for training. eustella runs exclusively on European and open-source AI models, with no Big Tech investors, no military contracts, and no hidden agendas.",[16,760,761],{},[23,762,763],{"href":213},"Sign up for early access to eustella →",[66,765],{},[31,767,769],{"id":768},"sources","Sources",[771,772,773,780,786,792,798,804,810,816,822,828,834,840,846,852,858,864,870],"ol",{},[147,774,775,776],{},"Breaking Defense. \"OpenAI for Government launches with $200M win from Pentagon CDAO.\" June 2025. ",[23,777,779],{"href":514,"rel":778},[27],"Link",[147,781,782,783],{},"Euronews. \"Italy's privacy watchdog fines OpenAI 15 million after probe into ChatGPT data collection.\" December 2024. ",[23,784,779],{"href":525,"rel":785},[27],[147,787,788,789],{},"OpenAI. \"Introducing data residency in Europe.\" February 2025. ",[23,790,779],{"href":537,"rel":791},[27],[147,793,794,795],{},"TechCrunch. \"Anthropic users face a new choice: opt out or share your data for AI training.\" August 2025. ",[23,796,779],{"href":554,"rel":797},[27],[147,799,800,801],{},"The Decoder. \"Anthropic uses a questionable dark pattern to obtain user consent for AI data use in Claude.\" 2025. ",[23,802,779],{"href":564,"rel":803},[27],[147,805,806,807],{},"Breaking Defense. \"Pentagon rolls out GenAI platform to all personnel, using Google's Gemini.\" December 2025. ",[23,808,779],{"href":581,"rel":809},[27],[147,811,812,813],{},"CNN. \"SpaceX acquires xAI.\" February 2026. ",[23,814,779],{"href":597,"rel":815},[27],[147,817,818,819],{},"NOYB. \"Twitter's AI plans hit with 9 more GDPR complaints.\" August 2024. ",[23,820,779],{"href":607,"rel":821},[27],[147,823,824,825],{},"NPR. \"Musk's DOGE group has access to the federal payments system. What does that mean?\" February 2025. ",[23,826,779],{"href":617,"rel":827},[27],[147,829,830,831],{},"Euronews. \"DeepSeek AI blocked by Italian authorities.\" January 2025. ",[23,832,779],{"href":633,"rel":833},[27],[147,835,836,837],{},"Microsoft. \"Transparency and control in consumer data use.\" August 2024. ",[23,838,779],{"href":649,"rel":839},[27],[147,841,842,843],{},"CNBC. \"Google, Oracle, Amazon and Microsoft awarded $9 billion Pentagon cloud deals.\" December 2022. ",[23,844,779],{"href":659,"rel":845},[27],[147,847,848,849],{},"FTC. \"FTC imposes $5 billion penalty, sweeping new privacy restrictions on Facebook.\" July 2019. ",[23,850,779],{"href":675,"rel":851},[27],[147,853,854,855],{},"CNBC. \"Meta, Anduril partner on VR\u002FAR project intended for US Army.\" May 2025. ",[23,856,779],{"href":685,"rel":857},[27],[147,859,860,861],{},"Sifted. \"Mistral privacy policy GDPR complaint.\" February 2025. ",[23,862,779],{"href":708,"rel":863},[27],[147,865,866,867],{},"Corporate Europe Observatory. \"Trojan horses: how European startups teamed up with Big Tech to gut the AI Act.\" March 2024. ",[23,868,779],{"href":718,"rel":869},[27],[147,871,872,873],{},"TechRepublic. \"Mistral French military AI deal.\" 2025. ",[23,874,779],{"href":728,"rel":875},[27],{"title":85,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":877},[878,879,880,881,882,883,884,885,886,887,888,889,890],{"id":507,"depth":86,"text":508},{"id":547,"depth":86,"text":548},{"id":574,"depth":86,"text":575},{"id":590,"depth":86,"text":591},{"id":626,"depth":86,"text":627},{"id":642,"depth":86,"text":643},{"id":668,"depth":86,"text":669},{"id":694,"depth":86,"text":695},{"id":701,"depth":86,"text":702},{"id":737,"depth":86,"text":738},{"id":744,"depth":86,"text":745},{"id":751,"depth":86,"text":752},{"id":768,"depth":86,"text":769},"2026-03-17","Every major AI chatbot trains on your conversations by default. Here's what ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Grok, DeepSeek, Copilot, Meta AI, Perplexity, Mistral, and Character.AI do with your data — and why Europe needs an alternative.",null,{},"\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fai-chatbots-privacy-problem-2026",{"title":493,"description":892},"blog\u002Fen\u002Fai-chatbots-privacy-problem-2026",[899,900,901,330],"privacy","ai-chatbots","gdpr","rB2icNzkH7x1NLFCCQIwJ78lqu_RaMXzpz8Axwc2VdI",{"id":904,"title":905,"author":7,"body":906,"date":1164,"description":1165,"extension":94,"image":893,"imageAlt":893,"meta":1166,"navigation":98,"path":1167,"seo":1168,"stem":1169,"tags":1170,"__hash__":1172},"blog\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fwhy-europe-needs-its-own-ai.md","Why Europe Needs Its Own AI",{"type":9,"value":907,"toc":1150},[908,911,914,918,927,961,964,968,971,975,978,984,992,996,999,1003,1006,1010,1013,1038,1041,1045,1048,1051,1055,1093,1097,1100,1103,1107,1109,1111],[12,909,905],{"id":910},"why-europe-needs-its-own-ai",[16,912,913],{},"Europe is the world's most advanced regulatory environment for artificial intelligence. The EU AI Act, GDPR, and the Digital Services Act create a framework that no other region matches. But regulation alone is not enough. Europe also needs its own AI products — built here, hosted here, governed by European law.",[31,915,917],{"id":916},"the-numbers-speak-for-themselves","The numbers speak for themselves",[16,919,920,921,926],{},"According to the ",[23,922,925],{"href":923,"rel":924},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.prosus.com\u002Fstate-of-ai-europe",[27],"State of AI in Europe"," report by Prosus and Dealroom, Europe's AI ecosystem is brimming with potential — but the value it creates overwhelmingly flows elsewhere:",[144,928,929,937,945,953],{},[147,930,931,934,935],{},[150,932,933],{},"325,000+ AI professionals"," work across Europe — though 53% are employed in traditional sectors like consulting, industrial, and finance, with only 33% working in tech companies ",[519,936,521],{},[147,938,939,942,943],{},[150,940,941],{},"133 million monthly active LLM users in Europe"," — but they are overwhelmingly using American products like ChatGPT, not European ones. As the report puts it: \"Europeans consume AI brilliantly, but train the algorithms owned by others\" ",[519,944,521],{},[147,946,947,950,951],{},[150,948,949],{},"European founders are behind 25% of all global AI unicorns"," — but many of these founders relocated to the US to build their companies, draining European talent rather than reinforcing the local ecosystem ",[519,952,521],{},[147,954,955,958,959],{},[150,956,957],{},"~900 new AI startups"," are founded in Europe every year ",[519,960,521],{},[16,962,963],{},"The picture is clear: Europe does not lack talent or demand. What it lacks is a consumer-facing AI product that competes with ChatGPT, Claude, or Gemini — while keeping data and value in Europe.",[31,965,967],{"id":966},"the-problem-with-us-and-chinese-ai","The problem with US and Chinese AI",[16,969,970],{},"Every major AI chatbot is either American or Chinese. This creates three fundamental problems for European users:",[383,972,974],{"id":973},"_1-data-leaves-europe","1. Data leaves Europe",[16,976,977],{},"When you use ChatGPT, your conversations are stored on US servers. When you use DeepSeek, they go to China. In both cases, your data is subject to foreign laws that can override European privacy protections.",[16,979,980,981,983],{},"The US CLOUD Act ",[519,982,531],{}," compels American companies to hand over data stored anywhere in the world when served with a lawful warrant or subpoena — regardless of where the data is physically located and without requiring European judicial oversight.",[16,985,986,987,989,990,195],{},"Chinese national security legislation goes further. The National Intelligence Law (2017) requires all organisations and citizens to \"support, assist and cooperate with national intelligence work\" (Article 7) ",[519,988,543],{},". The Cybersecurity Law (2017, Article 28) and Data Security Law (2021) impose similar obligations ",[519,991,560],{},[383,993,995],{"id":994},"_2-your-data-trains-their-models","2. Your data trains their models",[16,997,998],{},"ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Grok, Copilot, Meta AI, Perplexity, Mistral, Character.AI, and DeepSeek all use your conversations to train their models by default. The opt-outs — when they exist — are buried in settings, gated behind paid plans, or not retroactive.",[383,1000,1002],{"id":1001},"_3-big-tech-controls-the-stack","3. Big Tech controls the stack",[16,1004,1005],{},"OpenAI is backed by Microsoft. Claude runs on Amazon and Google infrastructure. Grok is owned by SpaceX. Meta AI feeds the advertising machine. Even Mistral, which positions itself as European, is funded by Microsoft, NVIDIA, and US venture capital. The companies building AI are the same companies that profit from harvesting your data.",[31,1007,1009],{"id":1008},"what-europe-has-that-others-dont","What Europe has that others don't",[16,1011,1012],{},"Europe's regulatory framework is not a weakness — it is a competitive advantage:",[144,1014,1015,1021,1032],{},[147,1016,1017,1020],{},[150,1018,1019],{},"GDPR"," gives Europeans the right to know, access, correct, and delete their data. It requires explicit consent for data processing and imposes real penalties for violations.",[147,1022,1023,1026,1027,1029,1030,195],{},[150,1024,1025],{},"The EU AI Act"," is the world's first comprehensive AI regulation, with a phased rollout from 2024 to full applicability in August 2027 ",[519,1028,570],{},". It classifies AI systems by risk level and bans unacceptable practices like social scoring and real-time biometric surveillance in public spaces — with narrow exceptions only for terrorism threats, missing persons, and serious crime ",[519,1031,586],{},[147,1033,1034,1037],{},[150,1035,1036],{},"Data sovereignty"," means your data is stored in the EU, processed under EU law, and not subject to foreign government access.",[16,1039,1040],{},"These are not obstacles to innovation. They are the foundation of trustworthy AI.",[31,1042,1044],{"id":1043},"eustella-ai-built-for-europeans","eustella: AI built for Europeans",[16,1046,1047],{},"eustella is a full-featured AI assistant built in Europe, for Europe. It handles the same core tasks as ChatGPT — answering questions, writing texts, analysing documents, generating code, brainstorming ideas — with one fundamental difference: your data is never sold, never shared, and never used to train AI models.",[16,1049,1050],{},"eustella runs exclusively on European and open-source AI models. No Big Tech data harvesters from the US or China. No military partnerships. No hidden agendas. Just a powerful AI assistant that puts you first.",[383,1052,1054],{"id":1053},"key-facts-about-eustella","Key facts about eustella",[144,1056,1057,1063,1069,1075,1081,1087],{},[147,1058,1059,1062],{},[150,1060,1061],{},"European hosting",": All data stored and processed in EU data centres",[147,1064,1065,1068],{},[150,1066,1067],{},"No training on user data",": Your conversations are yours",[147,1070,1071,1074],{},[150,1072,1073],{},"Open-source models",": Transparent, auditable, independent",[147,1076,1077,1080],{},[150,1078,1079],{},"GDPR compliant by design",": Privacy is the foundation, not a feature",[147,1082,1083,1086],{},[150,1084,1085],{},"Mobile-first",": Designed for smartphones, not just desktops",[147,1088,1089,1092],{},[150,1090,1091],{},"8 European languages",": English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Dutch, Portuguese, Polish",[31,1094,1096],{"id":1095},"the-time-is-now","The time is now",[16,1098,1099],{},"The European AI ecosystem has the talent, the funding, and the regulatory advantage. What it needs is products that Europeans can trust — products that respect their data, their rights, and their values.",[16,1101,1102],{},"eustella is that product.",[16,1104,1105],{},[23,1106,465],{"href":213},[66,1108],{},[31,1110,769],{"id":768},[771,1112,1113,1120,1123,1131,1134,1142],{},[147,1114,1115,1116],{},"Prosus & Dealroom, \"State of AI in Europe\" report — ",[23,1117,1119],{"href":923,"rel":1118},[27],"prosus.com\u002Fstate-of-ai-europe",[147,1121,1122],{},"US CLOUD Act (Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act), 2018 — requires US companies to comply with lawful warrants\u002Fsubpoenas for data regardless of storage location",[147,1124,1125,1126],{},"National Intelligence Law of the People's Republic of China, 2017, Article 7 — ",[23,1127,1130],{"href":1128,"rel":1129},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.chinalawtranslate.com\u002Fen\u002Fnational-intelligence-law-of-the-p-r-c-2017\u002F",[27],"chinalawtranslate.com",[147,1132,1133],{},"Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China, 2017, Article 28; Data Security Law, 2021",[147,1135,1136,1137],{},"EU AI Act implementation timeline — ",[23,1138,1141],{"href":1139,"rel":1140},"https:\u002F\u002Fartificialintelligenceact.eu\u002Fimplementation-timeline\u002F",[27],"artificialintelligenceact.eu\u002Fimplementation-timeline",[147,1143,1144,1145],{},"EU AI Act, Article 5 (prohibited practices and exceptions) — ",[23,1146,1149],{"href":1147,"rel":1148},"https:\u002F\u002Fartificialintelligenceact.eu\u002Farticle\u002F5\u002F",[27],"artificialintelligenceact.eu\u002Farticle\u002F5",{"title":85,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":1151},[1152,1153,1158,1159,1162,1163],{"id":916,"depth":86,"text":917},{"id":966,"depth":86,"text":967,"children":1154},[1155,1156,1157],{"id":973,"depth":473,"text":974},{"id":994,"depth":473,"text":995},{"id":1001,"depth":473,"text":1002},{"id":1008,"depth":86,"text":1009},{"id":1043,"depth":86,"text":1044,"children":1160},[1161],{"id":1053,"depth":473,"text":1054},{"id":1095,"depth":86,"text":1096},{"id":768,"depth":86,"text":769},"2026-03-15","Europe has the talent, the users, and the regulation. What it lacks is a consumer AI product built for Europeans. eustella is changing that.",{},"\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fwhy-europe-needs-its-own-ai",{"title":905,"description":1165},"blog\u002Fen\u002Fwhy-europe-needs-its-own-ai",[231,330,901,1171],"ai-act","XLYmMz06sGOaZhYIa2O2J7MmEbt3HUHSPWl-_-sS450",{"id":1174,"title":1175,"author":7,"body":1176,"date":1689,"description":1690,"extension":94,"image":893,"imageAlt":893,"meta":1691,"navigation":98,"path":1692,"seo":1693,"stem":1694,"tags":1695,"__hash__":1698},"blog\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fgdpr-ai-chatbots-what-you-need-to-know.md","GDPR and AI Chatbots: What You Need to Know in 2026",{"type":9,"value":1177,"toc":1676},[1178,1181,1184,1188,1191,1253,1267,1271,1274,1278,1281,1285,1293,1297,1305,1309,1420,1424,1432,1474,1477,1481,1484,1516,1520,1523,1554,1557,1561,1563,1565],[12,1179,1175],{"id":1180},"gdpr-and-ai-chatbots-what-you-need-to-know-in-2026",[16,1182,1183],{},"The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is the world's strongest data protection law. But AI chatbots are testing its limits. Every major AI assistant collects conversational data, and most use it for model training — often without meaningful consent. Here is what GDPR says, what companies are doing, and how to protect yourself.",[31,1185,1187],{"id":1186},"what-gdpr-requires","What GDPR requires",[16,1189,1190],{},"GDPR establishes clear rules for how personal data must be handled:",[144,1192,1193,1199,1205,1211,1217,1223,1229,1235],{},[147,1194,1195,1198],{},[150,1196,1197],{},"Lawful basis",": Companies need a valid legal reason to process your data — usually consent or legitimate interest",[147,1200,1201,1204],{},[150,1202,1203],{},"Purpose limitation",": Data collected for one purpose cannot be used for another without consent",[147,1206,1207,1210],{},[150,1208,1209],{},"Data minimisation",": Companies should collect only the data they need",[147,1212,1213,1216],{},[150,1214,1215],{},"Right to access",": You can request a copy of all data a company holds about you",[147,1218,1219,1222],{},[150,1220,1221],{},"Right to erasure",": You can request deletion of your data (the \"right to be forgotten\")",[147,1224,1225,1228],{},[150,1226,1227],{},"Right to object",": You can object to automated processing, including profiling",[147,1230,1231,1234],{},[150,1232,1233],{},"Data portability",": You can request your data in a machine-readable format",[147,1236,1237,1240,1241,1246,1247,1252],{},[150,1238,1239],{},"Breach notification",": Companies must report data breaches to the supervisory authority within 72 hours (",[23,1242,1245],{"href":1243,"rel":1244},"https:\u002F\u002Fgdpr-info.eu\u002Fart-33-gdpr\u002F",[27],"Article 33","). Data subjects must be informed without undue delay when the breach poses a high risk (",[23,1248,1251],{"href":1249,"rel":1250},"https:\u002F\u002Fgdpr-info.eu\u002Fart-34-gdpr\u002F",[27],"Article 34",")",[16,1254,1255,1256,1261,1262,1266],{},"Violations carry two tiers of fines. The upper tier (",[23,1257,1260],{"href":1258,"rel":1259},"https:\u002F\u002Fgdpr-info.eu\u002Fart-83-gdpr\u002F",[27],"Art. 83(5)",") covers core violations — up to 4% of global annual revenue or €20 million, whichever is higher. The lower tier (",[23,1263,1265],{"href":1258,"rel":1264},[27],"Art. 83(4)",") covers administrative and technical obligations — up to 2% of global annual revenue or €10 million.",[31,1268,1270],{"id":1269},"how-ai-chatbots-violate-gdpr","How AI chatbots violate GDPR",[16,1272,1273],{},"Despite these protections, AI chatbot companies have repeatedly violated GDPR:",[383,1275,1277],{"id":1276},"training-on-user-data-without-valid-consent","Training on user data without valid consent",[16,1279,1280],{},"ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Grok, Copilot, Meta AI, Perplexity, Mistral, and Character.AI all train on user conversations by default. Under GDPR, using personal data for a new purpose (AI training) requires separate, informed, freely given consent. Burying an opt-out in settings does not meet this standard.",[383,1282,1284],{"id":1283},"dark-patterns-in-opt-out-interfaces","Dark patterns in opt-out interfaces",[16,1286,1287,1288,1292],{},"Anthropic (Claude) was ",[23,1289,1291],{"href":564,"rel":1290},[27],"criticised for introducing an opt-out interface"," that privacy advocates described as a \"dark pattern\" — designed to discourage users from opting out. Under GDPR, withdrawing consent must be as easy as giving it.",[383,1294,1296],{"id":1295},"gating-privacy-behind-paywalls","Gating privacy behind paywalls",[16,1298,1299,1300,1304],{},"Mistral initially made the training opt-out available only on paid plans. A ",[23,1301,1303],{"href":708,"rel":1302},[27],"GDPR complaint was filed by French lawyer Jeremy Roche with CNIL"," in February 2025 because Article 12 requires that privacy controls be freely accessible regardless of payment tier.",[383,1306,1308],{"id":1307},"notable-gdpr-enforcement-actions-against-ai-companies","Notable GDPR enforcement actions against AI companies",[1310,1311,1312,1328],"table",{},[1313,1314,1315],"thead",{},[1316,1317,1318,1322,1325],"tr",{},[1319,1320,1321],"th",{},"Company",[1319,1323,1324],{},"Fine\u002FAction",[1319,1326,1327],{},"Year",[1329,1330,1331,1348,1362,1377,1391,1406],"tbody",{},[1316,1332,1333,1337,1345],{},[1334,1335,1336],"td",{},"Meta",[1334,1338,1339,1344],{},[23,1340,1343],{"href":1341,"rel":1342},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.enforcementtracker.com\u002F",[27],"~€2.5 billion in cumulative GDPR fines"," (including €1.2B for data transfers, €390M for behavioural advertising, €251M in 2024, €225M for WhatsApp)",[1334,1346,1347],{},"2021-2025",[1316,1349,1350,1353,1359],{},[1334,1351,1352],{},"OpenAI (ChatGPT)",[1334,1354,1355],{},[23,1356,1358],{"href":525,"rel":1357},[27],"€15 million fine (Italy)",[1334,1360,1361],{},"2024",[1316,1363,1364,1367,1374],{},[1334,1365,1366],{},"DeepSeek",[1334,1368,1369,1373],{},[23,1370,1372],{"href":633,"rel":1371},[27],"Banned in Italy"," (January 30, 2025), under investigation across EU",[1334,1375,1376],{},"2025",[1316,1378,1379,1382,1388],{},[1334,1380,1381],{},"Grok\u002FX",[1334,1383,1384],{},[23,1385,1387],{"href":607,"rel":1386},[27],"NOYB complaints filed across 9 EU countries",[1334,1389,1390],{},"August 2024",[1316,1392,1393,1396,1403],{},[1334,1394,1395],{},"Mistral",[1334,1397,1398,1402],{},[23,1399,1401],{"href":708,"rel":1400},[27],"GDPR complaint for paywall-gated opt-out"," (filed with CNIL)",[1334,1404,1405],{},"February 2025",[1316,1407,1408,1411,1418],{},[1334,1409,1410],{},"Microsoft",[1334,1412,1413,1417],{},[23,1414,1416],{"href":649,"rel":1415},[27],"Paused Copilot training in EEA"," to avoid enforcement",[1334,1419,1390],{},[31,1421,1423],{"id":1422},"the-eu-ai-act-adds-a-new-layer","The EU AI Act adds a new layer",[16,1425,1426,1427,1431],{},"The ",[23,1428,1430],{"href":1139,"rel":1429},[27],"EU AI Act",", which entered into force in August 2024 and is being implemented in stages through 2027, complements GDPR with AI-specific rules. Key dates: prohibited practices took effect February 2025, general-purpose AI (GPAI) rules apply from August 2025, high-risk system requirements from August 2026, and full applicability from August 2027.",[144,1433,1434,1440,1446,1457],{},[147,1435,1436,1439],{},[150,1437,1438],{},"Risk classification",": AI systems are classified as minimal, limited, high, or unacceptable risk",[147,1441,1442,1445],{},[150,1443,1444],{},"Transparency requirements",": AI systems must disclose when content is AI-generated",[147,1447,1448,1451,1452,1456],{},[150,1449,1450],{},"Prohibited practices",": Social scoring, manipulative AI techniques, and ",[23,1453,1455],{"href":1147,"rel":1454},[27],"real-time biometric surveillance in public spaces"," are banned, with narrow exceptions for terrorism threats, missing persons searches, and serious crime investigations",[147,1458,1459,1462,1463,1468,1469],{},[150,1460,1461],{},"Foundation model obligations",": Providers of general-purpose AI models must document training data (a ",[23,1464,1467],{"href":1465,"rel":1466},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wilmerhale.com\u002Fen\u002Finsights\u002Fblogs\u002Fwilmerhale-privacy-and-cybersecurity-law\u002Feuropean-commission-releases-mandatory-template-for-public-disclosure-of-ai-training-data",[27],"mandatory training data summary template"," was published in July 2025), comply with copyright law, and publish ",[23,1470,1473],{"href":1471,"rel":1472},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.whitecase.com\u002Finsight-alert\u002Fenergy-efficiency-requirements-under-eu-ai-act",[27],"energy consumption data",[16,1475,1476],{},"Together, GDPR and the AI Act create the most comprehensive AI governance framework in the world.",[31,1478,1480],{"id":1479},"what-to-look-for-in-a-privacy-respecting-ai-assistant","What to look for in a privacy-respecting AI assistant",[16,1482,1483],{},"When choosing an AI chatbot, ask these questions:",[771,1485,1486,1492,1498,1504,1510],{},[147,1487,1488,1491],{},[150,1489,1490],{},"Where is my data stored?"," Look for EU-only data centres. Avoid services that route data through US or Chinese servers.",[147,1493,1494,1497],{},[150,1495,1496],{},"Is my data used for training?"," Read the privacy policy. If the default is opt-in to training, the company profits from your data.",[147,1499,1500,1503],{},[150,1501,1502],{},"Who funds the company?"," Big Tech investors (Microsoft, Amazon, Google) create conflicts of interest. An AI company funded by the same companies that profit from your data cannot be truly independent.",[147,1505,1506,1509],{},[150,1507,1508],{},"Is there a meaningful opt-out?"," An opt-out buried in settings, gated behind payment, or not retroactive is not meaningful consent.",[147,1511,1512,1515],{},[150,1513,1514],{},"Does the company have EU presence?"," Companies without European offices or data centres are harder to hold accountable under GDPR.",[31,1517,1519],{"id":1518},"eustella-gdpr-compliant-by-design","eustella: GDPR compliant by design",[16,1521,1522],{},"eustella is designed from the ground up to comply with GDPR and the EU AI Act:",[144,1524,1525,1531,1536,1542,1548],{},[147,1526,1527,1530],{},[150,1528,1529],{},"All data stored in EU data centres"," — no transfers to the US, China, or any third country",[147,1532,1533,1535],{},[150,1534,1067],{}," — your conversations are never used to improve models",[147,1537,1538,1541],{},[150,1539,1540],{},"No data selling or sharing"," — your data is yours",[147,1543,1544,1547],{},[150,1545,1546],{},"European and open-source models only"," — transparent, auditable, independent from Big Tech",[147,1549,1550,1553],{},[150,1551,1552],{},"Built by an independent European company"," — AI Newsrooms Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria",[16,1555,1556],{},"eustella does not need an opt-out because it never opts you in.",[16,1558,1559],{},[23,1560,763],{"href":213},[66,1562],{},[31,1564,769],{"id":768},[144,1566,1567,1577,1586,1596,1604,1613,1622,1631,1640,1649,1658,1667],{},[147,1568,1569,1572,1573],{},[150,1570,1571],{},"GDPR Articles 33 & 34"," (breach notification): ",[23,1574,1576],{"href":1243,"rel":1575},[27],"gdpr-info.eu",[147,1578,1579,1582,1583],{},[150,1580,1581],{},"GDPR Article 83"," (fine tiers): ",[23,1584,1576],{"href":1258,"rel":1585},[27],[147,1587,1588,1591,1592],{},[150,1589,1590],{},"OpenAI €15M fine (Italy, 2024)",": ",[23,1593,1595],{"href":525,"rel":1594},[27],"Euronews",[147,1597,1598,1591,1601],{},[150,1599,1600],{},"DeepSeek banned in Italy (January 2025)",[23,1602,1595],{"href":633,"rel":1603},[27],[147,1605,1606,1591,1609],{},[150,1607,1608],{},"Grok\u002FX NOYB complaints (August 2024)",[23,1610,1612],{"href":607,"rel":1611},[27],"noyb.eu",[147,1614,1615,1591,1618],{},[150,1616,1617],{},"Mistral GDPR complaint (February 2025)",[23,1619,1621],{"href":708,"rel":1620},[27],"Sifted",[147,1623,1624,1591,1627],{},[150,1625,1626],{},"Microsoft Copilot training pause (August 2024)",[23,1628,1630],{"href":649,"rel":1629},[27],"Microsoft Blog",[147,1632,1633,1591,1636],{},[150,1634,1635],{},"Anthropic dark pattern criticism",[23,1637,1639],{"href":564,"rel":1638},[27],"The Decoder",[147,1641,1642,1591,1645],{},[150,1643,1644],{},"EU AI Act implementation timeline",[23,1646,1648],{"href":1139,"rel":1647},[27],"artificialintelligenceact.eu",[147,1650,1651,1654,1655],{},[150,1652,1653],{},"EU AI Act Article 5"," (prohibited practices): ",[23,1656,1648],{"href":1147,"rel":1657},[27],[147,1659,1660,1591,1663],{},[150,1661,1662],{},"AI training data summary template (July 2025)",[23,1664,1666],{"href":1465,"rel":1665},[27],"WilmerHale",[147,1668,1669,1591,1672],{},[150,1670,1671],{},"GPAI energy consumption requirements",[23,1673,1675],{"href":1471,"rel":1674},[27],"White & Case",{"title":85,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":1677},[1678,1679,1685,1686,1687,1688],{"id":1186,"depth":86,"text":1187},{"id":1269,"depth":86,"text":1270,"children":1680},[1681,1682,1683,1684],{"id":1276,"depth":473,"text":1277},{"id":1283,"depth":473,"text":1284},{"id":1295,"depth":473,"text":1296},{"id":1307,"depth":473,"text":1308},{"id":1422,"depth":86,"text":1423},{"id":1479,"depth":86,"text":1480},{"id":1518,"depth":86,"text":1519},{"id":768,"depth":86,"text":769},"2026-03-12","AI chatbots are collecting more data than ever. Here's how GDPR protects you, where it falls short, and what to look for in a privacy-respecting AI assistant.",{},"\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fgdpr-ai-chatbots-what-you-need-to-know",{"title":1175,"description":1690},"blog\u002Fen\u002Fgdpr-ai-chatbots-what-you-need-to-know",[901,899,900,1696,1697],"eu-ai-act","regulation","YWPHiRgOoml_l0CFmkzi-5ZIb1t1tQTKoxjJErZ4R6Y",{"id":1700,"title":1701,"author":7,"body":1702,"date":2109,"description":2110,"extension":94,"image":893,"imageAlt":893,"meta":2111,"navigation":98,"path":2112,"seo":2113,"stem":2114,"tags":2115,"__hash__":2119},"blog\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fopenclaw-security-risks.md","OpenClaw's Security Problem: Hundreds of Thousands of Exposed Instances and Malicious Plugins",{"type":9,"value":1703,"toc":2093},[1704,1707,1716,1719,1723,1727,1742,1756,1760,1769,1773,1782,1791,1794,1798,1810,1814,1817,1821,1830,1834,1837,1863,1866,1870,1884,1893,1897,1900,1904,1996,1999,2003,2005,2007],[12,1705,1701],{"id":1706},"openclaws-security-problem-hundreds-of-thousands-of-exposed-instances-and-malicious-plugins",[16,1708,1709,1710,1715],{},"OpenClaw is one of the most popular open-source projects in the world, with ",[23,1711,1714],{"href":1712,"rel":1713},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.star-history.com\u002Fblog\u002Fopenclaw-surpasses-react-most-starred-software",[27],"over 300,000 GitHub stars"," — surpassing React, Linux, and nearly every other repository on the platform. It can control your computer, manage your calendar, send emails, browse the web, and run shell commands. OpenClaw represents the future of AI — autonomous agents that act on your behalf.",[16,1717,1718],{},"But OpenClaw has a serious security problem.",[31,1720,1722],{"id":1721},"what-security-researchers-found","What security researchers found",[383,1724,1726],{"id":1725},"over-135000-exposed-instances","Over 135,000 exposed instances",[16,1728,1729,1730,1735,1736,1741],{},"SecurityScorecard initially discovered ",[23,1731,1734],{"href":1732,"rel":1733},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.infosecurity-magazine.com\u002Fnews\u002Fresearchers-40000-exposed-openclaw\u002F",[27],"over 40,000 OpenClaw instances"," exposed on the public internet. Subsequent research by Censys and Bitdefender found the problem was far worse: ",[23,1737,1740],{"href":1738,"rel":1739},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bitdefender.com\u002Fen-us\u002Fblog\u002Fhotforsecurity\u002F135k-openclaw-ai-agents-exposed-online",[27],"over 135,000 exposed instances across 82 countries",", with some estimates exceeding 220,000. Researchers found that 63% of observed deployments were vulnerable.",[16,1743,1744,1745,1749,1750,1755],{},"OpenClaw binds to ",[1746,1747,1748],"code",{},"0.0.0.0:18789"," (all network interfaces) by default rather than localhost, and lacks rate limits — meaning many instances are ",[23,1751,1754],{"href":1752,"rel":1753},"https:\u002F\u002Fdocs.openclaw.ai\u002Fgateway\u002Fsecurity",[27],"effectively exposed"," even when the Gateway's token-based authentication is present. Many users never change the defaults.",[383,1757,1759],{"id":1758},"cve-2026-25253-one-click-remote-code-execution","CVE-2026-25253: One-click remote code execution",[16,1761,1762,1763,1768],{},"In early 2026, researchers disclosed ",[23,1764,1767],{"href":1765,"rel":1766},"https:\u002F\u002Fnvd.nist.gov\u002Fvuln\u002Fdetail\u002FCVE-2026-25253",[27],"CVE-2026-25253",", a critical vulnerability (CVSS 8.8) that allowed one-click remote code execution via crafted URLs. An attacker could send a link that, when clicked by someone running OpenClaw, would execute arbitrary commands on their machine. The vulnerability was patched in v2026.1.29, but many instances remain unpatched.",[383,1770,1772],{"id":1771},"_12-to-20-of-community-plugins-are-malicious","12% to 20% of community plugins are malicious",[16,1774,1775,1776,1781],{},"The ClawHub marketplace allows developers to share plugins (called \"skills\") that extend OpenClaw's capabilities. Koi Security ",[23,1777,1780],{"href":1778,"rel":1779},"https:\u002F\u002Fdev.to\u002Ftiamatenity\u002Fopenclaw-skill-malware-audit-341-malicious-skills-infecting-clawhub-cfk",[27],"audited 2,857 ClawHub skills"," and found 341 malicious entries — roughly 12% — containing data exfiltration, cryptocurrency miners, and backdoor access.",[16,1783,1784,1785,1790],{},"As ClawHub grew to over 10,700 skills by mid-February 2026, the problem scaled with it. Bitdefender ",[23,1786,1789],{"href":1787,"rel":1788},"https:\u002F\u002Fparticula.tech\u002Fblog\u002Fopenclaw-security-crisis-malicious-ai-agents",[27],"identified 824+ malicious skills",", pushing the malicious rate to approximately 20%.",[16,1792,1793],{},"OpenClaw has no code signing, no sandboxing, and no mandatory review process for community plugins.",[383,1795,1797],{"id":1796},"plaintext-credentials","Plaintext credentials",[16,1799,1800,1801,1804,1805,195],{},"OpenClaw stores API keys, passwords, and authentication tokens in plaintext configuration files at ",[1746,1802,1803],{},"~\u002F.openclaw\u002Fagents\u002F*\u002Fagent\u002Fauth-profiles.json",". If an attacker gains access to the instance, they get ",[23,1806,1809],{"href":1807,"rel":1808},"https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fopenclaw\u002Fopenclaw\u002Fissues\u002F7139",[27],"every credential the agent has been configured with",[383,1811,1813],{"id":1812},"no-encryption-at-rest-or-in-transit","No encryption at rest or in transit",[16,1815,1816],{},"By default, OpenClaw does not encrypt data at rest. Communication between the agent and LLM providers is encrypted via HTTPS, but local storage, logs, and conversation history are unprotected.",[383,1818,1820],{"id":1819},"the-moltbook-incident","The Moltbook incident",[16,1822,1823,1824,1829],{},"The ecosystem around OpenClaw has its own security problems. Moltbook, a social network for OpenClaw agents, ",[23,1825,1828],{"href":1826,"rel":1827},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wiz.io\u002Fblog\u002Fexposed-moltbook-database-reveals-millions-of-api-keys",[27],"leaked 35,000 email addresses and 1.5 million API tokens"," through an exposed Supabase database — giving attackers direct access to users' LLM provider accounts and billing.",[31,1831,1833],{"id":1832},"why-this-matters","Why this matters",[16,1835,1836],{},"OpenClaw is not a chatbot. It is an AI agent — software that takes actions on your behalf. When an agent is compromised, the attacker doesn't just read your messages. They can:",[144,1838,1839,1845,1851,1857],{},[147,1840,1841,1844],{},[150,1842,1843],{},"Send emails as you"," — phishing, impersonation, fraud",[147,1846,1847,1850],{},[150,1848,1849],{},"Access your files"," — documents, photos, credentials",[147,1852,1853,1856],{},[150,1854,1855],{},"Execute system commands"," — install malware, exfiltrate data, delete files",[147,1858,1859,1862],{},[150,1860,1861],{},"Control connected services"," — calendar, task managers, smart home devices",[16,1864,1865],{},"The attack surface of an AI agent is fundamentally larger than a chatbot. Security cannot be an afterthought.",[31,1867,1869],{"id":1868},"openclaws-governance-problem","OpenClaw's governance problem",[16,1871,1872,1873,1878,1879,195],{},"OpenClaw's original creator, Peter Steinberger, ",[23,1874,1877],{"href":1875,"rel":1876},"https:\u002F\u002Ftechcrunch.com\u002F2026\u002F02\u002F15\u002Fopenclaw-creator-peter-steinberger-joins-openai\u002F",[27],"joined OpenAI on February 15, 2026",". Sam Altman announced the hire personally. Steinberger, previously the founder of PSPDFKit (sold for approximately $116M in 2021), was ",[23,1880,1883],{"href":1881,"rel":1882},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.euronews.com\u002Fnext\u002F2026\u002F02\u002F16\u002Faustrian-creator-of-viral-openclaw-joins-openai-to-build-next-generation-of-ai-agents",[27],"one of Austria's most prominent tech founders",[16,1885,1886,1887,1892],{},"The project was ",[23,1888,1891],{"href":1889,"rel":1890},"https:\u002F\u002Ffinance.yahoo.com\u002Fnews\u002Fopenclaw-founder-steinberger-joins-openai-223554158.html",[27],"moved to an independent open-source foundation"," backed by OpenAI, but its future direction and governance remain uncertain. When a project's lead moves to one of the largest AI companies in the world — and that same company funds the foundation — questions about independence, roadmap, and long-term maintenance are legitimate.",[31,1894,1896],{"id":1895},"eustella-the-secure-alternative","eustella: The secure alternative",[16,1898,1899],{},"eustella gives you the same agentic capabilities as OpenClaw — task execution, workflow automation, communication, app integrations — but secure, private, and hosted entirely in Europe.",[383,1901,1903],{"id":1902},"how-eustella-addresses-openclaws-security-gaps","How eustella addresses OpenClaw's security gaps",[1310,1905,1906,1918],{},[1313,1907,1908],{},[1316,1909,1910,1913,1916],{},[1319,1911,1912],{},"Issue",[1319,1914,1915],{},"OpenClaw",[1319,1917,7],{},[1329,1919,1920,1931,1942,1953,1964,1975,1985],{},[1316,1921,1922,1925,1928],{},[1334,1923,1924],{},"Authentication",[1334,1926,1927],{},"Binds to all interfaces by default",[1334,1929,1930],{},"Required, multi-factor",[1316,1932,1933,1936,1939],{},[1334,1934,1935],{},"Data encryption",[1334,1937,1938],{},"Plaintext storage",[1334,1940,1941],{},"Encrypted at rest and in transit",[1316,1943,1944,1947,1950],{},[1334,1945,1946],{},"Plugin security",[1334,1948,1949],{},"No review, 12–20% malicious",[1334,1951,1952],{},"Curated, sandboxed, reviewed",[1316,1954,1955,1958,1961],{},[1334,1956,1957],{},"Credential storage",[1334,1959,1960],{},"Plaintext config files",[1334,1962,1963],{},"Encrypted secrets management",[1316,1965,1966,1969,1972],{},[1334,1967,1968],{},"Hosting",[1334,1970,1971],{},"Self-hosted (user responsible)",[1334,1973,1974],{},"Managed EU data centres",[1316,1976,1977,1979,1982],{},[1334,1978,1036],{},[1334,1980,1981],{},"Depends on LLM provider",[1334,1983,1984],{},"All data stays in the EU",[1316,1986,1987,1990,1993],{},[1334,1988,1989],{},"Vulnerability response",[1334,1991,1992],{},"User must patch manually",[1334,1994,1995],{},"Managed, automatic updates",[16,1997,1998],{},"eustella is designed for people who want the power of an AI agent without the responsibility of securing one themselves. No exposed databases, no malicious plugins, no plaintext credentials.",[16,2000,2001],{},[23,2002,763],{"href":213},[66,2004],{},[31,2006,769],{"id":768},[771,2008,2009,2016,2023,2030,2037,2044,2051,2058,2065,2072,2079,2086],{},[147,2010,2011,2012],{},"Star History Blog — ",[23,2013,2015],{"href":1712,"rel":2014},[27],"\"OpenClaw surpasses React as most-starred software project\"",[147,2017,2018,2019],{},"Infosecurity Magazine — ",[23,2020,2022],{"href":1732,"rel":2021},[27],"\"Researchers find 40,000 exposed OpenClaw instances\"",[147,2024,2025,2026],{},"Bitdefender — ",[23,2027,2029],{"href":1738,"rel":2028},[27],"\"135K OpenClaw AI agents exposed online\"",[147,2031,2032,2033],{},"OpenClaw Gateway Security Documentation — ",[23,2034,2036],{"href":1752,"rel":2035},[27],"docs.openclaw.ai\u002Fgateway\u002Fsecurity",[147,2038,2039,2040,2043],{},"NVD — ",[23,2041,1767],{"href":1765,"rel":2042},[27]," (CVSS 8.8, 1-click RCE)",[147,2045,2046,2047],{},"Tiamatenity \u002F Dev.to — ",[23,2048,2050],{"href":1778,"rel":2049},[27],"\"OpenClaw skill malware audit: 341 malicious skills infecting ClawHub\"",[147,2052,2053,2054],{},"Particula Tech — ",[23,2055,2057],{"href":1787,"rel":2056},[27],"\"OpenClaw security crisis: Malicious AI agents\"",[147,2059,2060,2061],{},"GitHub Issue #7139 — ",[23,2062,2064],{"href":1807,"rel":2063},[27],"Plaintext credential storage in auth-profiles.json",[147,2066,2067,2068],{},"Wiz Research — ",[23,2069,2071],{"href":1826,"rel":2070},[27],"\"Exposed Moltbook database reveals millions of API keys\"",[147,2073,2074,2075],{},"TechCrunch — ",[23,2076,2078],{"href":1875,"rel":2077},[27],"\"OpenClaw creator Peter Steinberger joins OpenAI\"",[147,2080,2081,2082],{},"Euronews — ",[23,2083,2085],{"href":1881,"rel":2084},[27],"\"Austrian creator of viral OpenClaw joins OpenAI\"",[147,2087,2088,2089],{},"Yahoo Finance — ",[23,2090,2092],{"href":1889,"rel":2091},[27],"\"OpenClaw founder Steinberger joins OpenAI, project moves to foundation\"",{"title":85,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":2094},[2095,2103,2104,2105,2108],{"id":1721,"depth":86,"text":1722,"children":2096},[2097,2098,2099,2100,2101,2102],{"id":1725,"depth":473,"text":1726},{"id":1758,"depth":473,"text":1759},{"id":1771,"depth":473,"text":1772},{"id":1796,"depth":473,"text":1797},{"id":1812,"depth":473,"text":1813},{"id":1819,"depth":473,"text":1820},{"id":1832,"depth":86,"text":1833},{"id":1868,"depth":86,"text":1869},{"id":1895,"depth":86,"text":1896,"children":2106},[2107],{"id":1902,"depth":473,"text":1903},{"id":768,"depth":86,"text":769},"2026-03-10","OpenClaw is the most popular open-source AI agent — but it's insecure by default. Here's what security researchers found and why eustella is the secure alternative.",{},"\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fopenclaw-security-risks",{"title":1701,"description":2110},"blog\u002Fen\u002Fopenclaw-security-risks",[2116,2117,329,2118],"openclaw","security","open-source","lAVWNs8m33mw0ybCm3-UXtKPgRq7GmGK5_mqdottvCo",{"id":2121,"title":2122,"author":7,"body":2123,"date":2491,"description":2492,"extension":94,"image":893,"imageAlt":893,"meta":2493,"navigation":98,"path":2494,"seo":2495,"stem":2496,"tags":2497,"__hash__":2501},"blog\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fmilitary-contracts-ai-companies.md","Which AI Companies Have Military Contracts?",{"type":9,"value":2124,"toc":2479},[2125,2128,2131,2134,2156,2160,2176,2180,2208,2212,2228,2231,2252,2256,2278,2282,2285,2311,2315,2318,2328,2331,2335,2338,2341,2345,2347,2349],[12,2126,2122],{"id":2127},"which-ai-companies-have-military-contracts",[16,2129,2130],{},"The line between consumer AI and military AI is disappearing. The same companies that build the chatbots you use every day are signing billion-dollar contracts with defence ministries. Here is a factual overview of which AI companies have military ties — and what that means for your data.",[31,2132,1352],{"id":2133},"openai-chatgpt",[16,2135,2136,2137,2143,2144,2149,2150,2155],{},"OpenAI signed a ",[23,2138,2140],{"href":514,"rel":2139},[27],[150,2141,2142],{},"$200 million contract"," with the US Department of Defense in June 2025, awarded through the Pentagon's Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Office (CDAO). This is a significant shift — OpenAI's usage policy originally ",[23,2145,2148],{"href":2146,"rel":2147},"https:\u002F\u002Ftheintercept.com\u002F2024\u002F01\u002F12\u002Fopen-ai-military-ban-chatgpt\u002F",[27],"prohibited military applications",". The company quietly removed this restriction on January 10, 2024. All ChatGPT data ",[23,2151,2154],{"href":2152,"rel":2153},"https:\u002F\u002Fdgtlinfra.com\u002Fchatgpt-openai-azure-cloud\u002F",[27],"flows through Microsoft Azure",", the same cloud provider used for classified Pentagon systems.",[31,2157,2159],{"id":2158},"google-gemini","Google (Gemini)",[16,2161,2162,2163,2169,2170,2175],{},"Google Gemini now ",[23,2164,2166],{"href":581,"rel":2165},[27],[150,2167,2168],{},"powers the Pentagon's GenAI.mil platform for all 3 million defence personnel",". Google has a long history of military AI work, including the controversial Project Maven — a program for ",[23,2171,2174],{"href":2172,"rel":2173},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pbs.org\u002Fnewshour\u002Fshow\u002Famid-pressure-from-employees-google-drops-pentagons-project-maven-account",[27],"analyzing drone imagery through object labeling"," — which led to approximately 4,000 employees signing a petition and around 12 resignations in 2018. Google did not renew the contract when it expired in March 2019. Despite those earlier promises to limit military AI, Google has steadily expanded its defence contracts.",[31,2177,2179],{"id":2178},"microsoft-copilot","Microsoft (Copilot)",[16,2181,2182,2183,2189,2190,2195,2196,2201,2202,2207],{},"Microsoft is one of four vendors (alongside Amazon, Google, and Oracle) sharing the Pentagon's ",[23,2184,2186],{"href":659,"rel":2185},[27],[150,2187,2188],{},"$9 billion JWCC cloud contract",". Microsoft also won the IVAS augmented reality headset contract for the US Army, worth up to $21.88 billion — though the company ",[23,2191,2194],{"href":2192,"rel":2193},"https:\u002F\u002Fbreakingdefense.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002Fmicrosoft-announces-plan-to-slide-22-billion-ivas-contract-over-to-anduril\u002F",[27],"announced in February 2025"," that it is transferring the program to Anduril Industries. Microsoft ",[23,2197,2200],{"href":2198,"rel":2199},"https:\u002F\u002Fdefensescoop.com\u002F2024\u002F05\u002F07\u002Fgpt-4-pentagon-azure-top-secret-cloud-microsoft\u002F",[27],"deploys GPT-4 in top-secret Pentagon cloud environments"," via its classified Azure infrastructure. Consumer Copilot runs on Microsoft's commercial Azure cloud, which is ",[23,2203,2206],{"href":2204,"rel":2205},"https:\u002F\u002Flearn.microsoft.com\u002Fen-us\u002Fmicrosoft-copilot-studio\u002Frequirements-licensing-gcc",[27],"physically and logically separate"," from its government and military infrastructure (Azure Government, Azure Government Top Secret). The two are distinct systems, but both are operated by the same company.",[31,2209,2211],{"id":2210},"meta-meta-ai","Meta (Meta AI)",[16,2213,2214,2215,2221,2222,2227],{},"Meta is entering the defence space through a ",[23,2216,2218],{"href":685,"rel":2217},[27],[150,2219,2220],{},"partnership with Anduril Industries",", announced in May 2025, to develop mixed-reality and XR devices (the EagleEye system) for the US Army's SBMC Next program. Separately, Meta ",[23,2223,2226],{"href":2224,"rel":2225},"https:\u002F\u002Ftechcrunch.com\u002F2024\u002F11\u002F04\u002Fmeta-says-its-making-its-llama-models-available-for-us-national-security-applications\u002F",[27],"made its Llama models available"," for US national security applications in November 2024. This is a newer development — Meta historically avoided military work. The shift aligns with Meta's pivot toward AI-powered products and the lucrative US defence market.",[31,2229,1395],{"id":2230},"mistral",[16,2232,2233,2234,2240,2241,2246,2247,2251],{},"Despite positioning itself as Europe's AI champion, Mistral has expanding military ties across multiple countries. In January 2026, Mistral signed a ",[23,2235,2237],{"href":728,"rel":2236},[27],[150,2238,2239],{},"direct framework agreement with the French Ministry of Defense",". In Germany, Mistral has ",[23,2242,2245],{"href":2243,"rel":2244},"https:\u002F\u002Fsifted.eu\u002Farticles\u002Fmistral-helsing-defence-ai-action-summit-paris",[27],"partnered with Helsing",", a defence technology company, rather than contracting directly with the government. In the UK, Mistral works with Faculty AI, a company that contracts with the UK Ministry of Defence. Mistral also lobbied to weaken the EU AI Act — the regulation designed to protect European citizens from AI risks. ",[23,2248,2250],{"href":718,"rel":2249},[27],"Corporate Europe Observatory"," documented how this lobbying aligned with Big Tech interests.",[31,2253,2255],{"id":2254},"xaispacex","xAI\u002FSpaceX",[16,2257,2258,2259,2265,2266,2273,2274,2277],{},"xAI was ",[23,2260,2262],{"href":597,"rel":2261},[27],[150,2263,2264],{},"acquired by SpaceX"," in February 2026, creating a combined entity valued at approximately $1.25 trillion. SpaceX holds roughly ",[23,2267,2270],{"href":2268,"rel":2269},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.washingtonpost.com\u002Ftechnology\u002Finteractive\u002F2025\u002Felon-musk-business-government-contracts-funding\u002F",[27],[150,2271,2272],{},"$22 billion in total government contracts"," ($13 billion+ from NASA, $5–8 billion+ from the Department of Defense). Elon Musk's DOGE initiative ",[23,2275,619],{"href":617,"rel":2276},[27],", with confirmed access to Treasury payment systems and OPM personnel data, though IRS access was blocked or contested. The interconnection between X\u002FTwitter, SpaceX, Tesla, and xAI creates a data ecosystem with direct ties to US government systems.",[31,2279,2281],{"id":2280},"what-military-contracts-mean-for-your-data","What military contracts mean for your data",[16,2283,2284],{},"Military contracts matter for consumer AI users because:",[771,2286,2287,2293,2299,2305],{},[147,2288,2289,2292],{},[150,2290,2291],{},"Infrastructure overlap",": The same companies that process your conversations also serve classified military workloads. Even when infrastructure is separated, the corporate entity — and its legal obligations — are the same.",[147,2294,2295,2298],{},[150,2296,2297],{},"Legal obligations",": Companies with military contracts are subject to government oversight, including the ability to compel data access under national security provisions.",[147,2300,2301,2304],{},[150,2302,2303],{},"Mission drift",": A company that serves both consumers and militaries has conflicting priorities. Consumer privacy may be deprioritised when national security contracts are at stake.",[147,2306,2307,2310],{},[150,2308,2309],{},"Normalisation",": When AI companies treat military applications as routine business, the ethical boundaries around AI use erode.",[31,2312,2314],{"id":2313},"companies-without-military-contracts","Companies without military contracts",[16,2316,2317],{},"Not all AI companies have military ties. Notable exceptions include:",[144,2319,2320,2325],{},[147,2321,2322,2324],{},[150,2323,7],{}," — Independent European AI company with no military contracts, no Big Tech investors, and a clear commitment to civilian applications only",[147,2326,2327],{},"Some smaller open-source AI labs and research organisations",[16,2329,2330],{},"However, the trend in the industry is clearly toward increasing military engagement.",[31,2332,2334],{"id":2333},"eustellas-position","eustella's position",[16,2336,2337],{},"eustella is built by newsrooms.ai, an independent European AI company. eustella has no military contracts, no partnerships with defence ministries, and no plans to pursue them. eustella exists to serve individual users — not governments, not militaries, not advertisers.",[16,2339,2340],{},"This is a deliberate choice. eustella believes that the same AI used for personal communication, creative work, and daily tasks should not be entangled with weapons systems and surveillance infrastructure.",[16,2342,2343],{},[23,2344,763],{"href":213},[66,2346],{},[31,2348,769],{"id":768},[144,2350,2351,2359,2367,2374,2381,2389,2397,2404,2412,2419,2426,2433,2441,2448,2456,2464,2472],{},[147,2352,2353,2354,2358],{},"Breaking Defense — ",[23,2355,2357],{"href":514,"rel":2356},[27],"OpenAI for Government launches with $200M win from Pentagon CDAO"," (June 2025)",[147,2360,2361,2362,2366],{},"The Intercept — ",[23,2363,2365],{"href":2146,"rel":2364},[27],"OpenAI quietly deletes ban on military use of ChatGPT"," (January 2024)",[147,2368,2369,2370],{},"DGTL Infra — ",[23,2371,2373],{"href":2152,"rel":2372},[27],"ChatGPT and OpenAI on Azure Cloud",[147,2375,2353,2376,2380],{},[23,2377,2379],{"href":581,"rel":2378},[27],"Pentagon rolls out GenAI platform to all personnel using Google's Gemini"," (December 2025)",[147,2382,2383,2384,2388],{},"PBS NewsHour — ",[23,2385,2387],{"href":2172,"rel":2386},[27],"Google drops Pentagon's Project Maven account"," (2018)",[147,2390,2391,2392,2396],{},"CNBC — ",[23,2393,2395],{"href":659,"rel":2394},[27],"Google, Oracle, Amazon and Microsoft awarded $9 billion Pentagon cloud deals"," (December 2022)",[147,2398,2353,2399,2403],{},[23,2400,2402],{"href":2192,"rel":2401},[27],"Microsoft announces plan to transfer $22 billion IVAS contract to Anduril"," (February 2025)",[147,2405,2406,2407,2411],{},"DefenseScoop — ",[23,2408,2410],{"href":2198,"rel":2409},[27],"GPT-4 deployed in Pentagon's Azure top-secret cloud"," (May 2024)",[147,2413,2414,2415],{},"Microsoft Learn — ",[23,2416,2418],{"href":2204,"rel":2417},[27],"Copilot Studio requirements and licensing for GCC",[147,2420,2391,2421,2425],{},[23,2422,2424],{"href":685,"rel":2423},[27],"Meta and Anduril partner on VR\u002FAR project for US Army"," (May 2025)",[147,2427,2074,2428,2432],{},[23,2429,2431],{"href":2224,"rel":2430},[27],"Meta makes Llama available for US national security applications"," (November 2024)",[147,2434,2435,2436,2440],{},"TechRepublic — ",[23,2437,2439],{"href":728,"rel":2438},[27],"Mistral signs French military AI deal"," (January 2026)",[147,2442,2443,2444],{},"Sifted — ",[23,2445,2447],{"href":2243,"rel":2446},[27],"Mistral and Helsing defence AI partnership",[147,2449,2450,2451,2455],{},"Corporate Europe Observatory — ",[23,2452,2454],{"href":718,"rel":2453},[27],"How European startups teamed with Big Tech to gut the AI Act"," (March 2024)",[147,2457,2458,2459,2463],{},"CNN — ",[23,2460,2462],{"href":597,"rel":2461},[27],"SpaceX acquires xAI"," (February 2026)",[147,2465,2466,2467,2471],{},"Washington Post — ",[23,2468,2470],{"href":2268,"rel":2469},[27],"Elon Musk's government contracts and funding"," (2025)",[147,2473,2474,2475,2403],{},"NPR — ",[23,2476,2478],{"href":617,"rel":2477},[27],"Musk's DOGE group has access to federal payments system",{"title":85,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":2480},[2481,2482,2483,2484,2485,2486,2487,2488,2489,2490],{"id":2133,"depth":86,"text":1352},{"id":2158,"depth":86,"text":2159},{"id":2178,"depth":86,"text":2179},{"id":2210,"depth":86,"text":2211},{"id":2230,"depth":86,"text":1395},{"id":2254,"depth":86,"text":2255},{"id":2280,"depth":86,"text":2281},{"id":2313,"depth":86,"text":2314},{"id":2333,"depth":86,"text":2334},{"id":768,"depth":86,"text":769},"2026-03-08","From OpenAI's $200M Pentagon deal to Google powering 3M defence personnel — a factual overview of military ties across the AI industry and what it means for your data.",{},"\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fmilitary-contracts-ai-companies",{"title":2122,"description":2492},"blog\u002Fen\u002Fmilitary-contracts-ai-companies",[2498,2499,899,2500],"military","ai-ethics","big-tech","sTCdymiz7jOP0UW6b4_Eg0MMMc7X46FOVg1ND93AdV4",1775244979529]